Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to study geomorphological changes of the Earth's surface

Abstract

This study aims to examine the use of Geographic Information Systems in analyzing geomorphological changes of the Earth’s surface, with the Iraqi Marshes in southern Iraq selected as a case study. The research adopts a descriptive analytical and comparative approach through the study of maps and satellite images of the study area and the analysis of surface changes across different time periods.The study discusses the concepts of Geographic Information Systems, remote sensing, and geomorphological change. It also presents the geographical and natural characteristics of the Iraqi Marshes. The practical part focuses on the main manifestations of change in the study area, including the shrinking of water bodies, the decline of vegetation cover, the expansion of dry lands, and the transformation of surface features.The study concludes that the Iraqi Marshes have experienced significant surface changes due to the interaction of natural and human factors, such as drought, high evaporation rates, dam construction, water diversion, and weak water management. The research also shows that Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing contribute to clarifying and analyzing these changes scientifically through the comparison of old and recent maps and satellite images.